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Catholic Commentary
The Coronation and Anointing of Joash
12Then he brought out the king’s son, and put the crown on him, and gave him the covenant; and they made him king and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, “Long live the king!”
In 2 Kings 11:12, the high priest Jehoiada presents the young king Joash to the people, placing the crown upon him, delivering the covenant law, anointing him with oil, and receiving their joyful acclamation. This ceremony formally establishes Joash as the legitimate Davidic king after six years of concealment in the Temple during his grandmother Athaliah's illegitimate rule.
A hidden child emerges from the Temple to be crowned and anointed king—the priest hands him both a crown and the Law, revealing that legitimate power flows only through covenant obedience.
"They clapped their hands and said, 'Long live the king!'" The Hebrew yiḥi ha-melek — "May the king live!" — is the ancient Israelite royal acclamation, equivalent to the Latin Vivat Rex. The clapping of hands (wa-yiqpequ) signifies joyful popular ratification. The whole people participate in recognizing and celebrating what God has ordained through the priest. This liturgical, communal dimension is essential: legitimate rule requires not only divine election and priestly mediation but also the consent and joy of the community.
Typological Sense: Joash as Figure of Christ The Church Fathers and medieval exegetes consistently read this passage typologically. Joash hidden in the Temple for six years while a murderous usurper reigns mirrors Christ's hiddenness before his public manifestation and his ultimate triumph over the "prince of this world." The emergence from the Temple, the anointing, and the royal acclamation prefigure the Baptism of Jesus (Matthew 3:16–17), at which the heavenly voice proclaims the beloved Son, the Spirit descends, and his messianic identity is inaugurated. More broadly, Joash's coronation is a type of the final revelation of Christ as King at his Second Coming, when every tongue will confess that Jesus is Lord (Philippians 2:11).
Catholic tradition brings several distinctive lenses to bear on this verse, each illuminating a different facet of its depth.
The Priestly-Royal Mediation and the Church Jehoiada's role as the priest who produces, crowns, and anoints the legitimate king is a type of the Church's role in the life of God's people. The Catechism teaches that Christ is at once Prophet, Priest, and King (CCC §783), and that the Church participates in this threefold office. Just as Jehoiada mediates divine legitimacy to the Davidic throne, the Church mediates Christ's kingship through sacramental initiation. The Rite of Baptism echoes this ceremony: the newly baptized receives an anointing with Chrism, is declared a child of the King, and is welcomed with the acclamation of the faithful community.
The Anointing as Sacramental Foreshadowing St. Ambrose of Milan, in De Mysteriis (c. 391), draws explicit connections between the royal anointings of the Old Testament and the Christian sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation, noting that the chrism poured on kings was a "figure of the spiritual grace" to be poured out on all the baptized. The Council of Florence (1439) and later the Catechism (CCC §1294) affirm that the post-baptismal anointing in Confirmation "completes the grace of Baptism" — echoing the completion of initiation seen in Joash's full investiture.
The Covenant and the Word The handing over of the edut (testimony/law) to the king alongside the crown is picked up in Catholic social teaching. Gaudium et Spes §74 insists that political authority is legitimate only when exercised in accordance with the moral order established by God. Joash receiving the Law with his crown is an ancient icon of this principle: power without fidelity to God's Word becomes tyranny, as Athaliah's reign had demonstrated. Pope Benedict XVI, in Deus Caritas Est §28, similarly ties authentic governance to service of truth.
The Davidic Covenant and Messianic Fulfillment God's covenant with David (2 Samuel 7:12–16) — that his throne would endure forever — is at stake in this entire chapter. Athaliah's near-extermination of the Davidic line is the great satanic threat to God's promise. Joash's survival and coronation is thus an act of divine Providence preserving the messianic lineage from which Jesus of Nazareth would eventually be born. Luke's infancy narrative (Luke 1:32–33) announces the ultimate fulfillment: the angel tells Mary that her Son "will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end."
This verse speaks with surprising concreteness to contemporary Catholic life in at least three ways.
Anointing as Identity, Not Merely Ceremony: Every Catholic has been anointed — at Baptism and Confirmation — with the same Chrism that consecrates altars and ordains priests. Joash's anointing set him apart for a royal vocation he had not yet grown into. So too, our sacramental anointing confers a dignity we spend our lives inhabiting. Pope Francis frequently calls Catholics to "remember their Baptism" not as a past event but as a present identity (Evangelii Gaudium §169). When we feel obscure, hidden, or powerless — as Joash was in hiding — our anointing remains real and operative.
The Covenant Before the Crown: In a culture that separates power from accountability, the image of a king receiving the Law simultaneously with his crown is a prophetic counter-sign. For Catholics in public life, in families, or in any leadership role, this verse is a call to receive authority always alongside renewed submission to God's Word.
Joyful, Communal Acclamation: The people's response — clapping, shouting — reminds us that authentic worship and recognition of God's work is meant to be public, embodied, and joyful. The Mass itself contains such acclamations ("Hosanna," "Amen," "Thanks be to God") inviting the whole community to voice its assent to the King who is present.
Commentary
Verse 12 — A Verse of Five Decisive Actions
The verse is structured as a rapid sequence of five acts: bringing forth, crowning, handing over the covenant, anointing, and the people's acclamation. Each element is theologically loaded and deserves close attention.
"He brought out the king's son" Jehoiada the priest is the grammatical subject here. His role is decisive: it is the high priest who produces the hidden king before the assembly. Joash (also called Jehoash) had been concealed for six years in the Temple precincts (2 Kings 11:3) while his grandmother Athaliah, a devotee of Baal who had nearly exterminated the Davidic line, ruled illegitimately. That the child emerges from the Temple itself is symbolically profound — the house of God has been his protector and the guarantor of dynastic continuity. The verb hotzi (Hebrew: "he brought out") echoes the Exodus language of God bringing Israel forth from Egypt, a deliverance motif that should not be overlooked.
"Put the crown on him" The nezer (Hebrew), often translated "crown" or "diadem," is placed upon the king's head. Interestingly, the same word nezer is used of the golden plate worn by the High Priest (Exodus 29:6; Leviticus 8:9), suggesting an intentional blurring of the priestly and royal offices at this moment. The Davidic king, particularly in the Jerusalem tradition, was understood to hold a quasi-priestly status (cf. Psalm 110:4: "You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek"). The crown signals legitimate authority descending from David's covenant.
"And gave him the covenant" (Hebrew: ha-edut, the testimony) Most modern scholarship identifies ha-edut not merely as a general "covenant" but as the written law — specifically the Deuteronomic Torah or perhaps a document specifying the king's covenantal obligations (cf. Deuteronomy 17:18–20, where the king is to write a copy of the law for himself). In Jewish tradition this was later interpreted as the very scroll of the Law. The king receives the law simultaneously with the crown: authority is inseparable from accountability to God's Word. No Davidic king rules by raw power; he rules in submission to the divine covenant. This anti-absolutist principle is a remarkable feature of Israelite kingship theology.
"And they made him king, and anointed him" The anointing (wa-yimšeḥu oto) with oil is the sacral heart of the ceremony. In Israel, anointing was the constitutive act that set the king apart — making him , "anointed one." It was performed by a prophet or priest (Samuel anointed Saul and David; Zadok and Nathan anointed Solomon; here Jehoiada the priest anoints Joash), and it conveyed the outpouring of God's Spirit for royal office (1 Samuel 16:13). The anointing does not merely ratify a political decision; it effects a transformation in the person anointed, setting him within the sacred sphere of God's chosen servants.